Childhood in Madinah
Hasan was the eldest son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatimah. As Muhammad’s ﷺ grandson, he appears in reports about the affection shown to the Prophet’s ﷺ family.
Source: TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam — Hasan
Leadership after Ali
Following Ali’s assassination in 661, Hasan received allegiance as caliph in Iraq. Facing continued conflict, he negotiated an agreement with Mu‘awiya and withdrew from political rule.
Source: TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam — Hasan
Later life and remembrance
Hasan returned to Madinah. Shia Muslims recognize him as the second Imam, while Sunni accounts also emphasize his role in reconciliation. Reports about the circumstances of his death differ, especially claims identifying who may have poisoned him.
Source: TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam — Hasan
