OverviewMuhammad’s ﷺ cousin and son-in-law. He became the fourth caliph and is the first Imam in Shia Islam.CategoryCompanionPeriodc. 600 – 661 CE
Family and early beliefAli grew up in Muhammad’s ﷺ household and accepted Islam while young. He married Fatimah, and their children included Hasan and Husayn. His family relationship places him at the heart of the Ahl al-Bayt.Source: TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam — Ali
Knowledge and serviceAli took part in major events of Muhammad’s ﷺ lifetime and became known for religious knowledge, judgment, and public service. Many later scholarly and spiritual traditions trace important lines of transmission through him.Source: TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam — Ali
Caliphate and legacyHe became caliph in 656 and governed from Kufa amid the first civil war. He was assassinated in 661. Sunni Muslims honour him as the fourth rightly guided caliph, while Shia Muslims also recognize him as the first Imam.Source: TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam — Ali
SourcesOriginal biographical summary based on the cited references. Uncertain dates and disputed reports are qualified or omitted. This is not an excerpt or paraphrase of the 82 İl 82 Sahabi book.TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam — Ali
